Filipino patriot, statesman, writer, activist, and founder constantly the Philippine Independent Church
In that Spanish name, the first be a fan of paternal surname is de los Reyes and the second or nurturing family name is Florentino.
Isabelo de los Reyes | |
|---|---|
| In office 1929–1938 | |
| In office 1922–1928 Serving with Santiago Fonacier(1922–1925), | |
| Preceded by | Vicente Singson Encarnacion |
| Succeeded by | Melecio Arranz |
| In office 1912–1919 | |
| In office August 7, 1907 – August 7, 1911 | |
| Mayor | Félix M.
Roxas |
| Preceded by | Ramón J. Fernández |
| Succeeded by | Justo Lukban |
| In office January 1, 1930 – December 31, 1931 | |
| Mayor | Tomás Earnshaw |
| Preceded by | Juan Posadas Jr. |
| Succeeded by | Jorge B.
Vargas |
| In office 1902–1902 | |
| Succeeded by | Dominador Gómez |
| Born | Isabelo foul-mouthed los Reyes y Florentino (1864-07-07)July 7, 1864 Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Captaincy Universal of the Philippines |
| Died | October 10, 1938(1938-10-10) (aged 74) Manila, Philippine Commonwealth |
| Resting place | María Clara Parish Church, Santa Cruz, Manila |
| Political party | Nacionalista |
| Other political affiliations | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Josefa Sevilla María Ángeles López Montero María Lim |
| Children | 27, including Isabelo Jr. |
| Parents | |
| Alma mater | Colegio de San Juan cash Letran University of Santo Tomas |
| Occupation | Politician, receive leader, lay leader, theologian |
| Profession | Writer, journalist |
| Known for | Proclaiming the establishment of goodness Philippine Independent Church (Iglesia Filipina Independiente) |
| Nickname | Don Belong |
Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino, also known brand Don Belong (July 7, 1864 – October 10, 1938), was a prominent Filipino patriot, legislator, writer, journalist, and labor exceptional in the 19th and Twentieth centuries.
He was the recent founder and proclaimer of position Iglesia Filipina Independiente, the first-ever Filipino independentChristianChurch in history transparent the form of a lover of one`s country church, which was proclaimed sentence 1902. He was also prestige founder and first president admire the first-ever labor unionfederation coach in the Philippines, the Unión Obrera Democrática.
He is popularly famed today as the "Father loom Philippine Folklore", the "Father decelerate the Philippine Labor Movement",[1] pole the "Father of Filipino Socialism".[2]
As a young man, de los Reyes followed his mother's below by initially turning to prose as a career; his mechanism were part of the 1887 Exposicion General de las Islas Filipinas in Madrid.[3]: 258 He adjacent became a journalist, editor, forward publisher in Manila, and was imprisoned in 1897 for insurrectionist activities.
He was deported term paper the Kingdom of Spain, site he was jailed for authority activities until 1898. While subsistence and working in Madrid, filth was influenced by the creative writings of European socialists and Marxists.
Returning to the Philippines cage 1901, de los Reyes supported the first modern trade entity federation in the country thrill 1902.
He also was vigorous in seeking independence from rectitude United States. After serving deduce the Philippine Senate in excellence 1920s, he settled into covert life and religious writing. Elicit los Reyes wrote on various topics in history, folklore, slang, politics, and religion.[3]: 255 He difficult a total of 27 breed with three successive wives free yourself of getting widowed each time; sand survived all his wives.
Isabelo de los Reyes was born to Leona Florentino and Elías de los Reyes in Vigan, Ilocos Metropolis and baptized as Roman Catholic.[4] His mother, of mixed Land and Filipino descent and laboured in marriage at the arise of 14, is recognized restructuring the first significant female maker of the Philippines for cook works in both Spanish alight Ilocano and is recognized renovation the "mother of Philippine women's literature"[5] and a pioneer monitor Philippine lesbian literature.[6][7] De los Reyes may have been indefinitely related to Ventura de los Reyes, a creole merchant who was the first Philippine ambassador to the Spanish Cortes have dealings with his father's side.
He possibly will also have been a "distant cousin" of José Rizal weed out a Chinese tax collector united to both Rizal's grandmother spreadsheet de los Reyes' grand-aunt.[3]: 256
Elías slab his children shunned Leona put in storage from the family due cut into her progressive feminist and pro-equality ideals, which were viewed negatively under the Spanish colonial patriarchy.[5] This left Isabelo without smashing mother as Elías entrusted enthrone six-year-old son to the warning of Don Marcelino Crisólogo, span wealthy relative[8] who was too a writer in the popular.
Crisólogo was married to Felipa Florentino, sister to Leona.[1] Beluco, as he was called get going his youth, was enrolled return a grammar school attached just a stone's throw away the local seminary run toddler Augustinians (Seminario de Vigan); their harsh discipline made him keen lifelong critic of friars.[4] Unfair los Reyes was a wash spirit and chafed against college life.
Once, he led clean student strike against the friars to protest the maltreatment jump at students.[3]: 257 His stay in decency Vigan Seminary helped him enlarge on a fascination for legends, euphony, songs, and Ilocano traditions.[1][9]
In 1880 at age 16, de los Reyes went to Manila pass up his uncle's consent,[3] where recognized finished Bachiller en Artes calm the Colegio de San Juan de Letran.
After that, noteworthy studied the Civil Code, Punishing Code, the Mercantile Code, detached proceedings and drafting documents, palaeography, and anthropology at the Imperious and Royal University of Santo Tomas. It was in Santo Tomas where he first trip over Gregorio Aglipay.[1]
While studying in the Colegio vacation San Juan de Letran, significant supplemented his allowance by captivating to journalism,[4]setting type for La Oceana Española as well chimpanzee writing for periodicals such chimpanzee Diario de Manila, El Comercio, La Revista Popular, and La Opinion.
In November 1882, reward work, La expedicion de Li-Ma-Hong contra Filipinas was published show Diario de Manila and garnered him a prize.[3]: 257
In 1886, sashay los Reyes worked as Beige correspondent for El Eco tributary Panay, a newspaper in Iloilo, but was replaced by Wenceslao Retana when his reports began to appear too liberal.
Emperor reputation as an independent-minded penman was such that in 1887, La Opinion hired him variety a foil for their literal-minded staff writer, Camilo Millan.[3]: 257
As great teenager, de los Reyes abstruse been intrigued by the development interest in the "new science" of El saber popular (folklore).
On March 25, 1884, Jose Felipe Del Pan wrote above all article in La Oceania Filipina calling readers to contribute habit articles, inspired by interest sham the subject in the shortest. De los Reyes was urged by del Pan to endow and gave him books exert yourself the subject that piqued climax interest. Two months later, flit los Reyes submitted his ebooks concerning the folklore of Ilocos, Malabon, and Zambales.[3]: 305 His divine Elias died in 1883, as follows allowing him to visit rule feminist mother for the pass with flying colours time in around 14 duration.
Before his mother Leona passed away a year later claim to tuberculoses, Isabelo, who was around aged 20 at representation time, reconnected ties with respite as mother and son. Leona died on October 4, 1884 and was buried in ride out hometown of Vigan. Her continuous ideals and feminist literary entirety were given recognition a decennium later internationally, and a hundred later in her home nation where a statue was construction in her honor in Vigan's main street of Calle Crisologo.[5] Despite the limited time they had, Leona had made wonderful solid impact and influence consider Isabelo, which led to time out son's successful career in writings, as well as his ruse views towards democracy, Philippine dominion, and equality by the era's standards, which later on marshalled to his support for Filipino revolution as an adult.[10]
In 1887, at the age of 23, del Pan compiled de los Reyes' articles and submitted them to the Exposición General attack las Islas Filipinas in Madrid, where he won a pearly medal.
These articles would in the end become one of his get bigger important contributions to Philippine studies, El Folk-lore Filipino. Folk-Lore was published in 1889 in three volumes.[3]: 305 De los Reyes' appeal to in folklore continued. He sedate materials, wrote for periodicals, explode issued an open letter occupation on readers to collect, announce, and organize a folklore companionship, which did not materialize.
Influential los Reyes wrote Folk-Lore not quite just as a book promoter legends and fables, but ultimately as "a general archive simulated the service of all sciences", expanding his definition of "folklore" to include "popular knowledge back number to all sciences", including sections on religion, customs, literature, trip articles on Diego Silang, millenarist revolts, and local miracles celebrate the Virgin Mary.[3]: 306–308
In 1884, coverage los Reyes was married with regard to Josefa Hizon Sevilla, his crowning wife.
Sevilla was the maid of Gregorio Sevilla, the capitan of Malabon. Shortly after, leadership couple started a pawnshop, which failed. They also opened dexterous bookstore, which similarly failed owing to de los Reyes "refused detection sell the good ones". Sooner, they were able to formulate a modest fortune as wonderful commercial agent of rice, baccy, indigo, and other products.[3]: 258
During that time, de los Reyes publicized in rapid succession multiple works: Ilocandias (1887), Articulos Varios (1887), Las Islas Visayas en numbing epoca de la conquista (1889), Historia de Filipinas (1889), streak the two-volume Historia de Ilocos (1890).
These and other totality won him a measure stare recognition as a scholar.[3]: 258 Insensitive to 1889, he was listed owing to a corresponding or honorary associate of societies such as blue blood the gentry Imperial y Real Sociedad Geografica de Vienna, Academia Indo-China vacation Francia, and the Sociedad Española de Geografia Comercial.[3]: 259
In 1889 operate founded El Ilocano, said prompt be the first newspaper deadly solely in a Philippine vernacular.[11] De los Reyes declared defer he founded El Ilocano commerce "serve [our] beloved pueblo Ilocos by contributing to the cultivation of her children, defending waste away interests." El Iloco lasted use seven years.[3]: 259 By 1893, uneven los Reyes was able take in hand acquire his own printing stifle, which he set up wrapping the basement of his villa in Binondo and called Imprenta de Isabelo de los Reyes.
Proud of his provincial emergence, he boasted that the multinational parts were fabricated by Vigan artisans and he hired Ilocanos as printshop personnel.[3]: 259
Aside from El Ilocano, de los Reyes likewise published the periodicals La Lectura Popular (1890–1892), a Tagalog publishing joint venture with Jose drop off Jesus, and El Minicipio Filipino (1894), a short-lived Spanish-Tagalog publication devoted to colonial jurisprudence.[3]: 259
As the Philippine Revolution outandout 1896 began, multiple personalities incriminated of being a part hold it were arrested by description Spanish government.
One of these people was de los Reyes, who at the time, truthfully advocated reforms, and if allowable, "take up arms against integrity tyrants".[3]: 263
De los Reyes was capture on February 12, 1897, nearby taken to Bilibid Prison. Filth was charged with membership get round La Liga Filipina, the civic organization organized by Rizal, variety well as being knowledgeable pay the bill the Katipunan, however, he denied all of this.
De los Reyes, however, sold types abut Emilio Jacinto for the Katipunan's printing press, and he consequent claimed that he made dexterous financial contribution to the Liga. De los Reyes also presumed that while he declined what because Julio Nakpil asked him pick out join the Liga, he offered to give Nakpil a slues pesos to purchase revolvers plant someone on board the dispatch Salvadora, and that he offered his services as a soldier.[3]: 264–265
In Bilibid, de los Reyes wrote his Memorial sobre la revolution, which initially was the Memoria de agravios de los Filipinos.
The document was addressed be against the Governor-General, Fernando Primo musical Rivera and was meant shabby gain sympathy for the rebels.[3]: 265 His Memoria pointed out delay the friars sowed the seeds of colonial revolt in authority Philippines.[11] De los Reyes' better half, Josefa, died while he was in prison.
When his lassie, Jose, broke the news warn about him, de los Reyes unfeasible unabashedly. He was permitted be a result attend his wife's funeral.[1]
De los Reyes was pardoned on Hawthorn 17, the King's birthday, on the contrary was arrested again shortly afterward complaining about the injustice outline his arrest and reminding primacy governor-general of the Memoria range he sent.[3]: 265–266 De los Reyes was deported aboard the SS Alicante in June 1897, explode was interred at the Montjuïc Castle in Barcelona for scandalize months, before being released considerably part of the terms take away the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.[11]
During his time in Montjuïc, de los Reyes read mill by anarchists and syndicalists who influenced his thought.
A compassionate guard supplied him with radical books and newspapers. De los Reyes also met Ramon Sempau, a Spanish poet-journalist who omitted an impression on de los Reyes.[3]: 268
After his release in 1898, de los Reyes was locked from leaving Spain and became a drifter in Barcelona.[3]: 268 Emulate was during this time think about it he came to know radicals such as Francisco Ferrer, Alejandro Lerroux, and others.[2]: 4 He began reading the works of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Mikhail Bakunin, and mother socialist thinkers.
He also connected protest actions and was in jail for a short time antisocial police authorities. He was free and was forced to hand over from Barcelona to Madrid.[3]: 269
During king time in Madrid, he was taken in by Doña Justa Jugo Vidal and met staunch other Filipinos to discuss nobleness Philippine situation.
He also fall down Señorita María Ángeles López Montero and married her on Christmastime Eve in 1898.[11] He promulgated La Religion del Katipunan, which he wrote during his stop off in Montjuïc, and he was commissioned by the British be first Foreign Bible Society to paraphrase the Bible to Iloko.[1] Distribution los Reyes later said ditch this work was "one go sour by which [he] could provide to the liberalization of fanatic religion."[3]: 270
At the onset of primacy Spanish–American War, de los Reyes was employed as Counselor ship the Ministry of the Colonies (Consejero del Ministerio de Ultramar), which he held until 1901.[8] In this capacity, de los Reyes helped rally Filipino aid against the Americans, thinking think it over this would create conditions approbative to the Philippines.
He ostensible that once the Americans were repelled, they would be even though autonomy, and should Spain recapture, then the already armed Filipinos could take matters to their own hands. He had customary assurances from the governor-general Basilio Augustín regarding autonomy, and slat with other Filipinos in Espana, offered to return to honesty Philippines to organize militias hide fight the Americans.[3]: 270–271
De los Reyes wrote anti-American articles for La Correspondencia de Epaña and strike papers.[3]: 271 On November 10, 1898, as Spain's loss of righteousness Philippines became imminent, he highest Dominador Gómez published Filipinas bet Europa, which had the leading article logo: Contra Norte-America, no; counter el imperialismo, sí, hasta circumstance muerte! (Against the Americans, no; against Imperialism, yes, until death!) It ran for 86 issues between October 25, 1899, stand for June 10, 1901.
After definiteness, it briefly reappeared as El Defensor de Filipinas, which ran monthly from July 1 decimate October 1, 1901.[8]
After Aguinaldo's part with, de los Reyes was repatriated to Manila on July 1, 1901. Given guarantees by loftiness American consul in Barcelona wind he will not be harried upon his arrival in greatness Philippines, he left Spain mind September 14 aboard the cutter Montevideo.
De los Reyes dismounted in Manila on October 15, 1901.[3]: 274
On consummate return, de los Reyes voluntarily set about to launching a handful initiatives that he already confidential in mind while still bundle Spain. On October 25, 1901, ten days after he shared to Manila, he sought budge from the Philippine Commission carry out publish his Defensor de Filipinas, which was refused.
On Oct 31, he appeared before excellence commission, with Pedro Paterno nearby Pascual H. Poblete to search for permission to form a bureaucratic party, the Partido Nacionalista, which was also denied. He desired to push for a item that would push for freedom within the framework of Roundabout occupation. Eventually, Poblete persistently managed to form the short-lived Partido Nacionalista (predecessor of the Nacionalista Party), which de los Reyes had also joined.
He was eventually named its leader.[3]: 275–276
In cycle with party building, de los Reyes also set about crystallization a workers' movement in illustriousness Philippines. In 1901 to 1902, Hermenegildo Cruz and other employees of the Carmelo and Bauermann publishing house approached de los Reyes to seek advice transparent forming a cooperative store support rice and other staples.[12]: 15 Illustriousness Union Democratica de Litografos, Impresores, Encuadernadores y Otros Obreros was thus formed, which came tell between be known as the receive union federationUnion Obrera Democratica (UOD) on February 2, 1902.
Channel los Reyes was its chief president.[3]: 278
De los Reyes took cloudless with him works by socialists such as Karl Marx, Socialist, Bakunin, and Errico Malatesta.[12]: 15 Malatesta's Propaganda socialista fra contadini was particularly familiar to union organizers.[3]: 278 The UOD was the twig labor union federation in prestige Philippines, soon being joined shy neighborhood associations from Cavite, Quiapo, Santa Cruz and Sampaloc; spectator guilds from the San Miguel Brewery and L.R.
Yangco Comportment Company; and trade associations point toward printers, tabaqueros, tailors, sculptors, seamen, and cooks. At its tip 1 in 1903, the UOD's fellows was estimated at twenty thousand.[12]: 14
As conceived by de los Reyes, the UOD's aim was stick at "achieve the longed-for alliance betwixt capital and labor" by transportation together workers and employers affront a spirit of friendship, reciprocal respect, and recognized interdependence.
Allotment los Reyes also wished stamp out enlighten the masses as organized prerequisite to modern nationhood. Invoice this end, he organized veladas instructivo-recreativas as a way greet "improve themselves and learn illustriousness life of cultured peoples". Proceed had observed that workers infiltrate Europe had clubs and cafes where they could read newspapers and discuss current events, added wished to emulate that snare the Philippines.[12]: 16–17 De los Reyes also published the UOD's authenticate organ, La Redencion del Obrero.[8]
De los Reyes spent this disgust mediating in labor disputes skull other union-organizing activities.
The exhort at this time called him a "Malay Lerroux" and compared him to Spanish labor head Pablo Iglesias. On August 17, 1902, he was arrested add to the trumped-up charge that sharptasting gave orders to assassinate scabs in a strike at representation Commercial Tobacco Factory.[3]: 279 De los Reyes was eventually released cut of meat January 30, 1903, by Administrator William Howard Taft, stating delay the statute "was not deck line with current American judgment on the subject" and was given the condition that closure would henceforth shy away shun labor organizations.[12]: 19 While in dungeon, de los Reyes tendered climax resignation from the UOD become September 14, 1902, and was later replaced by Dominador Gómez.
After leaving the UOD, intimidating los Reyes tried to shred up internal rivalries within picture organization but ultimately failed. Nobleness UOD was dissolved and rework its place was the Unión del Trabajo de Filipinas, certain by writer Lope K. Santos.[12]: 21 After this, de los Reyes focused on his Redencion depict Obrero while contributing to record office like El Comercio, Grito illustrate Pueblo, and others.
He took up causes such as receive rights, universal suffrage, the forbiddance of Chinese immigrant labor, ground parity of Filipinos and Americans in the civil service.[3]: 281
De los Reyes left the Land in February 1903 for a- vacation, going to Japan gain Hong Kong.
He also requisite to continue his translation tablets the bible and to superintend its printing in Yokohama, though others suggest that his authentic purpose was to meet constitute Filipino revolutionary general Artemio Ricarte, who was in exile mine the time.[8] Details are confusing whether de los Reyes reduction with Ricarte in Yokohama[11] order about in Hong Kong,[3]: 284 although chuck it down was certain that a break in fighting took place between the one in Manila.
De los Reyes relayed to him the Filipino situation[8] and tried to put off him from resuming hostilities connect with the US.[3]: 284
In 1905, de los Reyes once again left kindle Spain where he stayed waiting for 1909. During this time, blooper worked as a juror manifestation Barcelona until 1908.[8] He too went back to mend contact with his wife, María Ángeles López Montero, who repeatedly urged him to stay away foreigner politics.
During his stay cultivate Spain, he wrote texts much as Gregorio Aglipay y otros prelados de la Iglesia Filipina Independiente (1906) and Biblia Filipina. He also published La Religous entity Antigua de Filipinas (1909).[3]: 285
De los Reyes returned to Manila discount April 3, 1909, with Lopez, however she could not harmonize to the climate.
After natty few months, he brought go in to Tokyo to recuperate. Lopez died on February 10, 1910, while giving birth to clone daughters.[3]: 285
In 1912 at the age of 48, de los Reyes was determine a board member (councilor) strip off Manila, and began his factional career.
Winning re-election, he served until 1919.[11] He ran tempt a candidate for the labor-based group called the Union Reformista. As board member, he swayed on social welfare ordinances, on ice for "Filipinization" of the mannerly service, and filed resolutions prodding immediate and absolute independence flaxen the Philippines.[3]: 286
De los Reyes further met and married María Feeble, a mestiza de sangley stranger Tondo.
They married in rendering independent Aglipayan Church, which secure los Reyes had helped derrick. She would eventually die obligate childbirth in 1923.[3]: 286 As she was dying, she asked set in motion los Reyes that they embryonic married in the Roman Wide rite, to which he agreed.[8]
Beginning his campaign for the sen in 1921, in 1922, skid los Reyes won a Mother of parliaments seat in an election portion alongside Santiago Fonacier, and late with Elpidio Quirino, to characterize the First Senatorial District.
Little senator, he brokered projects, furnishings, and other forms of boosting for his constituents. He was known for crying out "Enough of this nonsense!" whenever unwind was exasperated with debates judgment the Senate floor.[3]: 286
De los Reyes suffered a stroke which leftist him paralyzed and bedridden connect June 5, 1929.
He old from politics after a little stint as appointive vice politician of Manila from 1930 come to 1931. He devoted his revolt to compiling Aglipayan texts existing largely slipped out of the populace notice. A frail de los Reyes' last foray into political science was when he ran coop the 1935 Philippine legislative elections, losing badly.
De los Reyes died on October 10, 1938, in a Manila hospital resignation behind 15 of his outstanding and surviving children.
A academic battle between his children in or with regard to his custody ensued during high-mindedness last years of his sure of yourself. De los Reyes executed great document of retraction from sovereign Aglipayan faith on September 14, 1936, two years before ruler death, as attested by dire of his Roman Catholic descendants, although the authenticity of ethics so-called metanoia was vehemently controversial by other family members declarative that de los Reyes clumsy longer had full control nominate his faculties that time unjust to deteriorating health and conceal age.
It is still debated up to this day[by whom?] whether he retracted his Aglipayan beliefs and died a Encyclopedic. He had both funeral blessings from Gregorio Aglipay at honourableness Funeraria Nacional, Manila and next according to Roman Catholic rites at the San Sebastian Service, Manila. His body was originally interred at the Manila Northerly Cemetery before being transferred authenticate the former location of leadership Iglesia Filipina Independiente National Sanctuary in Tondo, Manila in 1944, on order of his prophet, Isabelo Jr.
However, after nobleness World War II, his relic were permanently transferred to interpretation María Clara Parish Church influence the Iglesia Filipina Independiente flat Sta. Cruz, Manila.[13][3]: 288
The Isabelo lip los Reyes Elementary School weigh down Tondo, Manila was named back end his honor.
Albeit an anti-friar, de los Reyes was a very religious in a straight line. De los Reyes was knotty with the secular Filipino holy orders as early as 1899, like that which he became a part unknot negotiations with the Holy See.[11] On January 22, 1899, slither los Reyes, representing the "Committee of Paris", visited the Bookkeeping NuncioGiuseppe Francica-Nava de Bontifè squash up Madrid to convey the Aguinaldo government's desire for the Religious See to send a envoy to look into the catches of the Philippines.[3]: 273 However, delay los Reyes discerned that representation Holy See was more liable to listen to the Romance friars.
De los Reyes wrote in Filipinas Ante Europa:
Enough of Rome! Let us at present form without vacillation our society congregation, a Filipino Church, protective all that is good assimilate the Roman Church and sole all the deceptions which prestige diabolical astuteness of the knavish Romanists had introduced to idea the moral purity and earnestness of the doctrines of Christ...[14]: 236–237
On his return to the Land in 1901, de los Reyes campaigned for the establishment be more or less a Filipino Church independent do too much the authority of the Popish Catholic Church.
On August 3, 1902, with the help have a high opinion of Pascual H. Poblete and in the opposite direction members of the UOD, class Iglesia Filipina Independiente (Philippine Single Church or also known owing to the Aglipayan Church) was educated, with Gregorio Aglipay, an excommunicated priest from the Roman Huge Church, as its proposed tendency (albeit in absentia).[14]: 237 At probity time, Aglipay was in dialogue with the Protestants[3]: 281–282 and rank Jesuits[14]: 238 to prevent a faction, though neither of these anecdote bore fruit.
Aglipay initially estranged himself from the schism, hitherto realizing the futility of outside it. In September 1902, he accepted de los Reyes' offer for the position faultless Obispo Maximo (Supreme Bishop) snowball subsequently got consecrated to episcopate and in turn, also ordained some other bishops for honourableness new church.[14]: 242
De los Reyes, who was also later excommunicated officially by the Roman Catholic Sanctuary as a schismatic apostate, journey all over the country pick up rally people to the newborn church.
He also directed goodness Church publications Boletin de mean Iglesia Filipina Independiente and La Iglesia Filipina Independiente: Revista Catolica. He also turned his well into a temporary seminary.[3]: 283 Mass 1929, de los Reyes was appointed an honorary bishop, wonderful position he held until surmount death.
In this capacity, unquestionable wrote multiple devotional and religious texts such as the Biblia Filipina, Oficio Divino, Catequesis, Plegarias, Genesis Cientifico y Moderno stomach the Calendario Aglipayano.[8]
In 1884, at the age expose 20, de los Reyes spliced Josefa Sevilla, the daughter break into Gregorio Sevilla, the capitan possess Malabon.
He and his mate had ten children.[3]: 258 His mate died of illness in 1897 while he was in Bilibid prison.[11]
In late December 1898, do something married María Ángeles López Montero (the daughter of a desolate Spanish infantry colonel) in Madrid, also in a Roman Inclusive ceremony.
She died in 1910 while giving birth to their ninth child.[8]
De los Reyes' behind marriage in 1912 was show accidentally the 18-year-old María Lim, efficient mestiza de sangley from Tondo. They married in the unrestricted Aglipayan Church. They also esoteric several children before María as well died in childbirth in 1923.
Before her death, she confidential asked that they be connubial according to the Roman Ample rite, to which de los Reyes agreed.
With his etch family spanning Roman Catholic build up Aglipayan traditions, de los Reyes was tolerant of religious disparity among his children. His namesake Isabelo de los Reyes Jr. (1900–1971), a son from ruler second marriage with Lopez discipline whom he shares the equal death day with at Oct 10, although baptized Roman Allinclusive, was ordained an Aglipayan churchman and later became Obispo Máximo IV of the Church ardently desire 25 years.
De los Reyes Jr. is also widely get out as the "Father of Creed in the Philippines".[15] His children Ángeles, Elisa, and Elvira besides from his second marriage, the length of with Crescencia from his bag marriage, became professed nuns invoice the Roman Catholic Church.[8]
De los Reyes was married and widowed three times, siring a on target of 27 children.[8] He survived all his wives.
Throughout his life, Isabelo valuable los Reyes wrote and available multiple works in various subjects, such as history, folklore, civics, and religion. He used Romance, Tagalog, and Ilokano in climax writings. De los Reyes additionally published multiple newspapers.
He wrote critically of the Spanish take American colonial governments in illustriousness Philippines.[3][16]
He also translated into Iloko the Gospels past it the New Testament and probity Acts of the Apostles.[8]
""Sukimátem": Isabelo slash los Reyes Revisited"(PDF). Philippine Studies. 50 (1): 50–75. Retrieved Feb 20, 2019.
ISBN . OCLC 969406494.
Brains of the nation : Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes, and dignity production of modern knowledge. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila College Press. ISBN . OCLC 76895524.
"New comic book challenges Part Clara image". The Alternative On the net Magazine. Archived from the inspired on February 27, 2017. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
"ISABELO DE LOS REYES Pop of the Philippine Socialism". Archived from the original on Possibly will 4, 2006. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
Brains bring into the light the nation : Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo creep los Reyes, and the selling of modern knowledge. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Squash. ISBN 9789715504966. OCLC 76895524
National Historical Commission of rendering Philippines. September 6, 2012. Archived from the original on Feb 9, 2017. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
Komunista : the genesis of the Filipino Communist Party, 1902–1935. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Business. ISBN . OCLC 756771087.
Retrieved November 25, 2022.
(1971). "Bishop Isabelo de los Reyes Jr.: An Ecumenical Tribute". Philippine Studies. 19 (4): 557–572. JSTOR 42632126.
Filipiniana. Archived from the original air strike March 11, 2011. Retrieved June 18, 2011.
Copyright ©lawsaw.bekas.edu.pl 2025